THE HTTPS://ABDHAMID.NET/ DIARIES

Abdul-Hamid II's reign as sultan was marked by the attempted promulgation of the Structure in 1876, his subsequent suppression on the Structure, and, in 1908, the Youthful Turk Revolution that forced its reinstatement. Paradoxically, while during the early decades of his reign Abdul-Hamid II was criticized for his liberal ideas and his intense meth